How Your Brain Organizes Information

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Published 2023-03-31
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My name is Artem, I'm a computational neuroscience student and researcher. In this video we talk about cognitive maps – internal models of outside world that the brain to generate flexible behavior that is generalized across contexts.

Patreon: www.patreon.com/artemkirsanov
Twitter: twitter.com/ArtemKRSV

OUTLINE:
00:00 - Introduction
02:08 - Edward Tolman
03:48 - Zoo of neurons in hippocampal formation
06:40 - Non spatial mapping
08:21 - Graph formalism
12:21 - Latent spaces
17:22 - Factorized representations
21:51 - Summary
24:47 - Brilliant
26:19 - Outro

REFERENCES (in no particular order):
1. Behrens, T. E. J. et al. What Is a Cognitive Map? Organizing Knowledge for Flexible Behavior. Neuron 100, 490–509 (2018).
2. Constantinescu, A. O., O’Reilly, J. X. & Behrens, T. E. J. Organizing conceptual knowledge in humans with a gridlike code. Science 352, 1464–1468 (2016).
3. Aronov, D., Nevers, R. & Tank, D. W. Mapping of a non-spatial dimension by the hippocampal–entorhinal circuit. Nature 543, 719–722 (2017).
4. Whittington, J. C. R., McCaffary, D., Bakermans, J. J. W. & Behrens, T. E. J. How to build a cognitive map. Nat Neurosci 25, 1257–1272 (2022).
5. Whittington, J., Muller, T., Mark, S., Barry, C. & Behrens, T. Generalisation of structural knowledge in the hippocampal-entorhinal system.

CREDITS:
Icons by biorender.com and freepik.com
Brain 3D models were created with Blender software using publicly available BrainGlobe atlases (brainglobe.info/atlas-api)

This video was sponsored by Brilliant

All Comments (21)
  • wait are you telling me there is an arbitrary hexagonal grid of points in my room where specific cells light up the most?
  • @nunezkant
    I'm a postdoc in the intersection of neuroscience and AI, specifically about the generalization subject, and I just want to say that you are doing an amazing job communicating scientific discoveries, which is specially hard for things that happen in the brain. Huge congrats.
  • @lydianlights
    Amazing video! Neuroscience for those of us without a PhD -- explained as simply as possible but no simpler. It's so fascinating to me how complicated the brain is, and yet it has these basic building block structures that we can actually make sense of.
  • @okb6436
    This videos, apart from having concise and beautiful animation, really get to the core idea of explaining the subject. Keep going, you are doing an amazing job at neuroscience divulgation
  • @anywallsocket
    Somehow it's all drastically obvious, since you're explaining the simplest way to learn, yet simultaneously it's very fascinating to learn these basic methods.
  • I've been teaching this subject matter for three years, and you've done a great job of simplifying the subject.
  • @jorcyd
    AI/HPC researcher here. I just love how you integrate neuroscience, math, physics and computing in your stubs ❤ Greetings from Brazil
  • Excellent editing skills, second only to your depth and exactitude. I am inspired to delve deeper into these topics and find the commonality between this and contemporary QM
  • @tomascruz2147
    Thank you so much for all the effort to make these videos, I found your channel yesterday and is amazing, it's one of the best I've seen on YouTube, especially this video. I loved the way you explain all these abstract mathematical concepts in such a clear way. Greetings from Chile!
  • @odettali1000
    thank you for taking your viewer's suggestions into account! I especially appreciated the explanation of factorization
  • Artem, mate, your videos are just amazing. You are the future of education. Keep up the stunning work!
  • Yet another outstanding video. Thank you for making such high quality content. I look forward to the second part discussing the Tolman Eichenbaum Machine. It is especially interesting, considering they were able to replicate the results by modifying a transformer, the backbone architecture to popular LLMs such as ChatGPT. Again thanks for providing the highest quality computational neuroscience content on youtube
  • @snarkyboojum
    This content is so good I draw mind maps and summarise on a massive whiteboard while I listen to you. It’s great content, thank you.
  • @fiddlefox
    This is really interesting when applying it to sport. It may explain "home ground advantage", and certain training strategies that could aid with spatial awareness despite sporting locations.
  • @benwilcox1192
    This video is amazingly clean and beautifully put together/choerent. I am appalled this video (and the rest of your videos) don't have millions of views (yet). Even if I have barely any hope of understanding most of what was said in this video, you came as close as possible to making me I think I do. And either way, if this entire video was in a completely foreign language with no subtitles, I would still have watched the whole thing for the visuals alone. Fantastic
  • Fascinating video! Next year I am going to college to study cognitive science. So as a request for future videos, I would appreciate it if you could further explore the interdisciplinary nature of neuroscience because it would nicely complement what I learn from my studies. Thanks
  • @Cezve_340ml
    Hi Artem! Great video on a challenging topic. Congratulations! I like that you represented the different types of cells in the entorhinal cortex-hippocampus system as a way of a brain to label any context, whether it is qualitative relations, organization of a space or decision making. I am not a specialist in electrophysiology, but recall there were also papers on “time cells” encoding events in time. I recall my feeling from reading them – it was clear to me that it is more than simply way to encode separately different modalities in the environment but rather a way to organize it utilizing different properties. Since then, I did not follow this line of studies. And it is cool that you put the current understanding of this area together in this video. I have a critique though. To me, your example of cooking lasagna at home vs at a friend’s kitchen is somewhat confusing as an illustration of brain’s ability to generalize (adopt). The fact is that if we want to illustrate the generalization of a cooking skill, then we must show that a person can cook lasagna from different ingredients. Whereas if we want to illustrate the generalization of a skill to navigate in a different space of a friend’s kitchen (with a complex mix of similar and dissimilar properties) then (as in your example) we may show that a person can recognize and discriminate tables, stoves and refrigerators. In your example, everything is a little bit mixed together. Anyway, consider this as a minor revision! Overall, a solid and inspiring video! Cheers!
  • @joel09878
    The production quality on this video is incredible. Amazing work
  • Fascinating and visually stunning video, as always. Thank you Artem!