The very bad math drying up the Colorado River

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Published 2023-04-26
California and Arizona are currently fighting each other over water. But this isn’t new – it’s actually been going on for over 100 years. At one point, the states literally went to war about it. The problem comes down to some really bad math from 1922.

To some extent, the crisis can be blamed on climate change. The West is in the middle of a once-in-a-millennium drought. As temperatures rise, the snow pack that feeds the river has gotten much thinner and the river’s main reservoirs have all but dried up. But that’s only part of the story.

The United States has also been overusing the Colorado for more than a century thanks to a byzantine set of flawed laws and lawsuits known as “the law of the river.” This legal tangle not only has been over-allocating the river, it also has been driving conflict in the region, especially between the two biggest users: California and Arizona, both trying to secure as much water as they can. And now, as a massive drought grips the region, the law of the river has reached a breaking point.

Video:
Jake Bittle
Daniel Penner

Data and map animations:
Jesse Nichols

Videographer:
Nikki Dodd

Deputy Editor:
Teresa Chin

Executive Editor:
Kat Bagley

Additional reading:
Feds’ Colorado River choice: California’s rights or Arizona’s future?
grist.org/drought/colorado-river-cuts-arizona-cali…

Tribes in the Colorado River Basin are fighting for their water. States wish they wouldn’t.
grist.org/indigenous/colorado-river-tribal-water-r…

The Colorado River is drying up. Here’s how that affects Indigenous water rights
grist.org/equity/colorado-river-drought-indigenous…

Sources:
History of Parker Dam war between Arizona and California (among other sources)
azcapitoltimes.com/news/2015/06/29/tale-of-the-ari…

Flow of Colorado River, 1930 - 2016 (Wheeler, 2019)
www.researchgate.net/publication/336058345_Water_R…

Flow of Colorado River, 2000-2018 (Stern, Sheikh, 2020)
crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R45546/13

Estimated flow of Colorado River (Kuhn, Fleck, 2021)
bookshop.org/p/books/science-be-dammed-how-ignorin…

1963 Court Case
books.google.com/books?id=BAFiIBETui8C&pg=RA14-PP2…

California Congress keeping water for own state:
www.g-a-l.info/capreport.pdf

Visual sources:
Getty Images
National Archives
Library of Congress
UCLA | Charles E. Young Research Library: creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Storyblocks

Music:
Audiosocket

All Comments (21)
  • @PacoOtis
    COME ON! Mark Twain explained this over a hundred years ago! He said " Whiskey is for drinking and water is for fighting over!" LOL
  • @maxcervantes
    Never thought I'd hear the words: "Arizona's Navy" :D
  • @jul1440
    It is actually two rivers hot glued together. A main river stem is defined from the mouth to the most distant source, which in the case of the Colorado would be the Green River.
  • @humanecities
    We really aren’t putting enough consideration into the carrying capacity of our lakes and rivers…
  • @mario-ck3es
    Trying to solve this issue now after the river has already been drying up for a few decades. The problem is all these states are dry and full of deserts. California has used the most water due to growth and power. They should be responsible for fixing this issue.
  • @shasmi93
    I was born in Colorado and currently live here. With the pace of building and massive influx of humans to this state I can already see local mountain streams and rivers dwindling that once were full. And that’s happening at the head of this massive river… scary indeed. Which is why I’m moving to Alaska. No people and ASS tons of water. Wouldn’t run out of water up there if you tried. Have fun west USA and all the tech bros and wealthy people moving in and building giant pools and golf courses and more people being born requiring more food and water out here. A rude awakening is indeed coming.
  • @thegiggler2
    Most of the water is used for agriculture especially low value crops like alfalfa and hay, plus the water that flows into Mexico just dries up in the desert. So much for planning.
  • Great video guys. Great visualizations. Great explanations. What else do you have planned?
  • @SilverWatcher.
    California's fires won't go out California has a national floods California where's all the water gone It's definitely not our fault 😅😂
  • Thank you for the video. It brings attention to real causes that can be addressed. Politicians, global elite and MSM have taken the convenient easy route of blaming climate change for these types of issues (forest fires is another). Regardless of climate’s effects, we need to understand the issues, identify what we can actually do to mitigate, and act responsibly. Unfortunately, it’s easier to blame everything on climate change and then use resources to promote pet projects instead of fixing the problems.
  • @user-cw8rg3ef2t
    Hey U. S. A....... EASY ON THE WATER HERMANOS.. BAJA MEXICO NEEDS A DRINK😢
  • @The_Cali_Dude_88
    Great ideas without the understanding that billions of people would overwhelm what they envisioned. NEVER could they or the water engineers of California's central valley dams and projects see the current number of people living here now. Our only source that can keep up with population is reverse sea water filtration, massive infrastructures regarding sewage, and runoffs.
  • @atvtony5543
    California should get cut first there land provided the least amount of water that goes into the river
  • @WalterBurton
    Baked. Me too, coincidentally. Love it! 🌿🌿🌿
  • @zodiacfml
    I don't know but I think California should flex its wealth and tech to conserve/manage/generate its water like middle east countries to reduce consumption of the river.
  • Great explanation of the current water crisis. One significant logical error, though: The narrator said that Arizona's and California's overuse of the water are causing shortages UPSTREAM, which in turn is causing low levels at Lake Mead and Lake Powell. This, of course, can't be true unless they were pulling water from the Colorado River ABOVE Lake Mead and Lake Powell, which they're not. Only the UPPER basin states water use can cause the Lakes' levels to be low, right? So, even if the upper basin states aren't using all of their theoretically allocated water, the mega-drought is the problem which has led to the low lake levels and danger of the dead pool and loss of power at the Glen Canyon and Hoover dams.
  • @makrgo26
    An informative video to be sure! However, I wonder if the narrator was high.
  • @water2chick
    Nevada and Utah also get their water from the colorado River