What does the universe expand into? Do we expand with it?

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Published 2021-05-29
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Could it be that the universe does not expand but we shrink instead? What does it mean that the universe expands anyway? And if it does, what does it expand into? In this video I tell you what you need to know about Albert Einstein's General Relativity to make sense of all this.

Correction to the illustration at 3 mins 31 seconds: It should just have been "smaller than 2 Pi R", not "R smaller than 2 Pi R" (which is correct, but makes no sense). Sorry about that!

Correction to what I say at 6 mins 40 seconds: It's been brought to my attention that in 1992 it was proved one needs in general only 8 dimensions, not 10, see en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitney_embedding_theorem

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0:00 Intro
0:54 How General Relativity works
5:52 What does the universe expand into?
7:01 Do we expand with the universe?
7:39 Do we shrink?
8:58 Summary
9:38 Sponsor Message

#physics #space #universe

All Comments (21)
  • Several people have pointed out to me that there is a fake account posting here (and possibly elsewhere) under my name. This account has been reported (by me and several other people). But since this may happen again please be advised that the "real" me has a checkmark after the name.
  • @jppcasey
    As I get older, I can confirm without any doubt that I am expanding.
  • @janoldland8265
    I'm just a 77 year old, who barely graduated high school. I've always enjoyed thinking and speculating about this subject. It's just SO fascinating. Thank you for your helping to understand space/time. I may never understand it all, but trying to is wonderful for the brain.đź‘Źđź‘Ź
  • I love watching Sabine for the following reasons: I'm Brazilian and Portuguese, I'm not a physicist, I love physics, my native language is Portuguese and my second language is English, but I can understand Sabine speaking in English very well!
  • Feynman would be proud of your efforts here. The physics is amazing, and I haven’t found a doorway into it until now. I’m probably not smart enough, given my teachers all seem to just turn their backs and start drawing equations. But you do a great job of showing what we’re trying to get at with the equations. The sphere inside a cube, plus the subsequent minute or so of explanation cleared a big chunk of confusion from my mind. (Well, I feel better anyway…) I have been trying to get to grips with curved spacetime… This at least helps me see what my question should have included but didn’t. Outstanding!❤
  • @guest_informant
    "Cylinders are internally flat." I might have to think about that for a few years.
  • @Finnec123
    "The part about my job that bothers me most is the need to work on something that is popular or to work with people who are popular. I have always had, and still have, trouble funding my research because I tend to be interested in topics that few of my colleagues find relevant. I almost left academia because of this several times, and I still feel every other year that academia just isn’t for me. If I can only get funding to work on research I don’t consider promising, then what’s the point?" - Sabine 2020, physicsworld, "ask me anything" We recognize her.
  • @edlaw99
    Sabine Hossenfelder opens doorways to understanding like no other instructor. Five Golden Stars for Dr. H!!
  • @ChimeraActual
    You have blossomed in the past year! Love you. Are there respected cosmologists who aren't satisfied by this explanation? That is, are there competing explanations? Competing questions? A non-cosmologist can't rule out that this may be the wrong solution fork or simply begs the question.
  • My knowledge just expanded although it didn't expand into anything.
  • Thank you so much Sabine, your insights and explanations have been testing my understanding of the universe in the most amazing way. I watch each of your videos intently and stop, watch, rewind and proceed until I am satisfied that I have unpacked and understood what you have said. I feel like I have my own personal lecturer. Thank you so much for your time and efforts in bringing these most amazing and interesting topics to the world in a wonderful and fun way.
  • Sabine work has really helped me on my journey to understand physics. Great production values, info I can trust, and delivered in a way that a noob like me can mostly understand. Nice work. Thank you.
  • @LutchoCressoni
    The reason people ask you even though there are other videos is because you make it interesting! Even being a physicist myself, I love the way you explain things.
  • @strawbarry7834
    I love these videos, but generally get lost about halfway through. It's like a switch in my head and my brain goes "Welp, I'm out." But what encourages me is that there are people like Einstein/Sabine who really do understand this stuff, which gives me hope for the human race. Just think, roughly 3 pounds of physical brain can approach understanding the reality of the universe. That is just...magnificent.
  • @MottiShneor
    Hurray! That was a delightful explanation. I'm not sure I'm completely persuaded about some of the statements, but the explanation is coherent, and makes sense and can be rationalized with others. I really cheer for this video. Wonderful.
  • @adbuuk
    Love your no-nonsense approach to physic.
  • @daveangels
    7:01 damn and here I thought I found the reason I'm taking up a bigger volume with age
  • "I could be bounded in a nutshell, and count myself a king of infinite space, were it not that I have bad dreams." (Hamlet II.ii)
  • Love your taste in subject matter! I swear that every time I follow a line of logic and search for explanations that will help my process I ultimately end up here listening to your data driven approach. In this case amidst my reasoning over the question of embedding space dilation(ty for the term) I of course had to posit the distinct difference of whether the space between is lengthening or are galactic systems receding from each other? I understand the time dimension complicates any attempt to make a real differentiation, in fact I'm fairly certain most systems make just as much sense in either dimension of time.. I think. Anyway, yeah I guess it doesn't matter although it disturbs me greatly that I cannot perceive everything inside our embedding space from an outside perspective. It's possible that we are all but a mirage of extreme circumstances born of space dust and pure light. Thank you for the insight.
  • @drpeemac
    I am not astro physicist but this video has answered my inner random thoughts which i didnt know what to search for. Very good