Rare Earth Mining: The Key to our Technological Future | FD Engineering

Published 2023-08-11
Rare Earth Mining: The Key to our Technological Future | FD Engineering

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For thousands of years, they lay dormant in the soil until suddenly, they became the driving force behind a technical revolution. Smart phones, laptops, touch screens, wind turbines, hybrid vehicles: they all need rare earth materials.

Among the first to recognize this were the Chinese. Today China mines an incredible 97% of all rare earth minerals extracted worldwide. The Chinese government makes good use of this monopoly: recently, it cut production by about two-thirds. Within days the prices of some rare earth metals shot up by 1000%. However, the Chinese also have to deal with the downside of rare earth mining: Environmental pollution, destroyed landscapes and radioactive residues, as rare earth metal deposits are usually laced with radioactive minerals and are extremely difficult to refine.

Because of the scarcity of rare earth deposits, the sky-rocketing prices on the international commodity market and the environmental problems associated with mining and processing, scientists around the world are looking for new, better ways to source these minerals. We follow researchers as they drill for new deposits in Europe and Australia, we see how they try and find new, more environmentally friendly ways of processing the materials, we discover how they try and recycle them out of old mobile phones and computers – and we reveal how physicists and chemists are working on ground-breaking new materials that could soon replace rare earths completely – a fascinating glimpse at cutting-edge research that could make our green technologies of the future even greener.
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All Comments (21)
  • @Ron-Swanson
    Great doc guys, coming from this line of work you fascinated the whole time. Im continually surprised that although everybody uses rare earth minerals and metals almost no one knows what makes up the technology they use or what mining means for their way of life and certainly not how these operations work.
  • @MDFnyny
    Great video, very informative, I wish you would put the date of the documentaries release in the videos description as I have to figure it out as I am watching which is really not ideal!
  • @helmutzollner5496
    The research concession in the Pacific basin was only granted for a few years and has been returned to the International Seafloor Authority by now. China has bought the market dominance for REE with the health of the population in Baotou area. The new Apatite ore body found north of Kiruna is also near iron ore and looks to be Mozanite. So the projected REE refinery in Norway's Lulea will have Thorium as a by product that needs to be stored as radioactice waste. The particular project in Germany was bancrupt and closed years ago.
  • @Bambihunter1971
    This video has me questioning just how many "earths" there are. ;-)
  • @Shaun-qg4em
    Rare metals are always very hard to prospect and process, but their demand is very small too. So don't worry
  • Rare earth from China and Vietnam half of them come from the small landlocked country name Lao, they took these elements out to Vietnam and China days and nights . But hidden to prevent others country to know and come to take the huge steaks
  • @thewizard9715
    2020 come on man ! please inform us before we watch 3/4 to hear 2020.... so much have happens since then
  • @julieta203
    Theyre not rare to find, theyre rare to be able to mine!
  • @LECOMAYAGUA
    A Privately owned company North American Strategic Minerals ( NASM) may have the answer with a geologic model and land positions which indicate huge potential REE resources see recent announcement.
  • @CBeard849
    China's dominance in RE minerals puts it in the driver's seat on these matters. All the $$ put into finding new sources, recycling etc. can be made completely moot if China chose to do so.....and I assure you they will.
  • @robertheinrich2994
    well, there are two approaches needed: finding new sources, especially in europe, and recycling. as a chemist, I see the problem that the rare earth elements behave similarly and are hard to separate from each other. but it's possible and furthermore, they like to stick together. so generating a fraction that contains a mix of rare earth elements should not be too hard.
  • @Creationshot
    you must develop the devices in such a way that reuse is easier. that you can disconnect them, for example, just like Lego blocks
  • @aurizon
    An examination of the sea floor spreading process reveals that the spreading line is more or less 2 dimensional and creates a very fertile ecosystem crabs, tube worms, sponges and many other life form that live on assorted chemicals that flow from the spreading zone. This a progressive process and the living zone gradually lives less and less vigorously and eventually becomes a dead sone and as the fecal wastes grow deeper, it is a buried dead zone of a huge extent. So these miners have no need to mine active spreader zones - they can start further away and kill nothing. They just need dig out more worm poop. This will be a better process, the old poop is denser and spreads less = zero need to kill fresh spreading zones. The old zones are 10,000 times as large
  • @jimparr01Utube
    Good and balanced documentary. Thank you. The burgeoning EV industry is progressively moving away from rare-earths in their batteries and motors because other ways with little performance compromise have been found to implement similar results with significant cost reductions using materials that are much more plentiful (and therefore lower Cost Of Manufacture). However, I do see that the lowly Neo' permanent magnet industry faces supply issues. The electronics (silicon fabrication) industry uses rare earths. I suspect this will not be necessary in the near future - again with little compromise. Wind turbine technology can also change the technology used to avoid the need for permanent Neo' magnets in generators. This is primarily the same set of issues faced by the EV industry that is advancing their technology each year in a sustainable way. The recycling segment in this video is very good. That is where we need to go globally in order to relieve considerable pressure on mining.
  • @jamesbarry1673
    The 17 rare earth elements are: lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), neodymium (Nd), promethium (Pm), samarium (Sm), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), terbium (Tb), dysprosium (Dy), holmium (Ho), erbium (Er), thulium (Tm), ytterbium (Yb), lutetium (Lu), scandium (Sc), and yttrium (Y).